PathTrace

Continuous vulnerability assessment and system evaluation are essential in assuring that your facility’s physical protection system is functioning as designed and as required. But a checklist of guards and security technologies will not provide insight into system effectiveness, advise on potential upgrades, or consider adversary capabilities. To address these needs, Sandia National Laboratories developed PathTrace, a quantitative analysis modeling and simulation tool that uses established algorithms to identify system vulnerabilities.

What PathTrace Does

• Identifies the most vulnerable, quickest, and stealthiest paths using established algorithms to determine system vulnerabilities.
• Computes Probability of Interruption (PI), Probability of Detection (PD), Critical Detection Point (CDP), and Adversary Sequence Diagram (ASD) for each pathway.
• Creates actionable data that allows you to model and test security upgrades before costly installation and provides data-driven justification in support of changes.
• Allows you to test an infinite number of mitigation strategies for variables in detection, delay, and response.

How PathTrace Works

• Use an aerial image of your facility taken from a diagram, blueprint, floor plan, or even a snip from Google Maps.
• Fill in delay barriers such as walls, doors, fences, gates, and windows that would stop the progress of the attacker.
• Define areas of detection, such as sensor volumes, patrolled zones, and camera coverage that would result in the detection of the attacker.

• Use facility testing data to specify the response team’s reaction time to a detection event.
• Specify what types of tools the adversary might carry and consider multiple varieties of tool kits.

• Generate and evaluate the quickest, stealthiest, and most vulnerable pathway to a target or target set.
• Consider multiple "what if" scenarios.
• Verify the effectiveness of an existing design.
• Study ideas for facility or technology upgrades, test their effectiveness, and justify costs before they are implemented.

PathTrace and Scribe3D: Better Together

Use PathTrace to analyze adversary pathways and how modifications in detection, delay, or response affect security at your facility, then export a simplified model into Scribe3D and create a tabletop exercise of the adversary attack pathway and your guard responses. Using both tools enables both quantitative and qualitative methods of system evaluation.

Version 3 Release Notes

Overview

PathTrace version 3 includes new capabilities and improved functionality. All changes are focused on making it easier and more efficient for users to create the accurate models needed for designing, evaluating, and upgrading the physical security system of nuclear and radiological facilities.

What's New

New Capabilities added, including the following:

• Projects can be split into variants to represent different model states within the same project.
• Every project loads with a Baseline variant which is the starting model.
• Variants are user-created and can be used in many ways.
• Variants for different weather conditions (cloudy, rainy, sunny, snowy, etc.)
• Variants for different time periods (day shift, lunchtime, night shift, etc.)
• Variants for different upgrades (perimeter detection, hardened doors, etc.)
• Target Sets can be used to model pathways that span multiple variants.
• Pathway will reach targets and switch variants in-order.
• Can be used to model long-timeline attacks and model state changes.
• Barriers can have different delay and PD values for different points of entry.
• Accessed by clicking the Advanced toggle when creating or editing any barrier.
• Entry direction can be painted directly on the barrier using the entrance painter tool.
• Examples are emergency exit doors and entry/exit processes.
• Carrying equipment can reduce adversary speed by a percentage.
• Speed decreasing accumulates as the adversary carries more equipment.
• Percentage is applied to detection areas only.
• Carrying theft target can reduce adversary speed by percentage.
• The trips calculator has a new field for decreasing adversary speed by a percentage.
• Speed decrease applied until adversary reaches the target under the trips calculator.
• Jumps and Targets can be moved within their respective modes.
• A move tool is available on the top right of both the Jump and Target modes.
• Jumps and Targets can be moved by clicking and dragging with the move tool selected.

User Interface / User Experience changes, including the following:

• Refresh button added to Recent Projects when loading PathTrace.
• Import Project button added to Recent Projects when loading PathTrace.
• Button added to the escape menu to access a panel displaying all model variants.
• Button added on the top bar to access a panel displaying all model variants.
• Dropdown added on the top bar to quickly swap variants in a project.
• Advanced toggle added in the barrier creation and edit window.
• In advanced mode, barrier creation and edit window contains fields for…
• Edge style, where Standard contains entry-only and Double contains exit.
• Entry delay and probability of detection.
• Exit delay and probability of detection.
• In advanced mode, the entrance painter tool is available to draw on double-edge barriers.
• In the Jump and Target modes, the move tool is now available on the top right.
• In the Target Set creation and edit window, the +Variant Switch button is available.
• In the Target Set creation and edit window, the trips calculator has a speed decrease value.
• Decrease Speed value added to the Equipment tab in Capabilities mode.
• View Parameters in Analysis mode now has options for containment pathways, including…
• Ignore Delay on Exit – nullified delay when exiting through already breached barriers.
• Ignore Detection on Exit – nullified PD when exiting through already breached barriers.
• A Reset Path button was added to all pathway generation types in Analysis mode.
• Run Analysis window modified to be larger.

Quality of life improvements, including the following:

• PathTraceHome is now located in the C:/Users/[USERNAME] folder
• Projects built in PathTrace 2.0 and Pre-2.0 can be converted in the Recent Projects menu.
• Options for containment pathways added for no exit delay or no exit detection.
• Updated error messages/detection for generating pathways that are not currently possible.
• Projects can now be imported from outside PathTraceHome.
• Improved UX of Quickest and Stealthiest theft cell selection.
• Added infinite button to equipment overrides for barriers.

73 bugs addressed, including the following:

• Equipment over-ride dropdowns no longer display duplicate names.
• Fixed issues with grid resolution changes displaying irregular grids.
• Fixed issue where the Standard Response team could be renamed.
• Fixed issues where jumps occasionally duplicated.
• Fixed issues with undo/redo system occasionally not functioning properly.
• Fixed issues with Critical Detection Area not displaying properly for theft pathways.
• Fixed issues with jumps being added twice to the Path Sequence Diagram.

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